The United Nations Security Council convened on Tuesday for the first-ever meeting focused on the risks associated with artificial intelligence (AI). During the session, UN Secretary-General António Guterres expressed deep concerns regarding the interaction between AI and nuclear weapons, while China’s envoy firmly opposed the use of AI for military hegemony.
China’s Permanent Representative to the UN, Zhang Jun, emphasized the importance of upholding responsible defense policies and discouraging the use of AI for military dominance or actions that undermine the sovereignty of other nations. Zhang called for the avoidance of abuse, unintentional misuse, or intentional misuse of AI weapon systems, highlighting the necessity for peaceful utilization of AI and exploring its potential for promoting sustainable development and global innovation.
In his address, Secretary-General Guterres urged the development of AI for beneficial purposes and specifically mentioned the alarming risks posed by the interaction of AI with nuclear weapons, biotechnology, neurotechnology, and robotics.
Experts and government representatives who participated in the Security Council meeting shared a consensus on using AI to enhance international peace and security. However, they acknowledged that achieving this goal is a long-term endeavor. Ensuring human control over AI-enabled weapon systems was highlighted as essential, with emphasis on sufficient, effective, and responsible control. Preventing the proliferation and malicious use of AI-enabled weapon systems was also deemed crucial.
Chinese military expert Song Zhongping commented that AI’s military application, similar to space technology, is an inevitable trend, and some military powers are already exploring its use on the battlefield. Song cautioned that the military power gap between countries could widen as AI-driven technologies advance, potentially leading to an AI arms race. Incorporating AI into nuclear weapon systems raises concerns about the risk of AI going out of control, which could escalate the potential for devastating atomic warfare.
Secretary-General Guterres proposed concluding a legally binding instrument by 2026 to prohibit lethal autonomous weapons systems that operate without human control or oversight.
Zhang also underscored the role of the UN Security Council in addressing the military application of AI. He suggested studying the impact of AI in conflict situations and taking actions to enhance the UN’s toolkit for peace. Chinese experts emphasized the importance of global management, openness, inclusiveness, and the leading role of the Security Council’s five permanent members in guiding responsible AI development.
China’s comprehensive legal and regulatory systems and robust policy safeguards position it at the forefront of governance experience in new technologies, particularly AI and big data. China has been prioritizing AI development since 2017, with a focus on establishing an initial system of laws, regulations, ethics, and policies for AI security.
China’s approach to AI-related regulations strikes a balance between nurturing innovation and safeguarding security. The country aims to foster continued AI research and development while avoiding the stifling effects of excessive regulation.
The management of AI ethics and regulations must remain adaptable to technological advancements. By integrating ethical requirements into scientific research, technological development, and other activities, controllable risks can be ensured, benefiting society and maximizing the positive impact of technological achievements.
China’s internet watchdog and several authorities recently issued an interim regulation on the management of generative AI services, which will take effect on August 15. This highlights ongoing efforts to establish a comprehensive framework for governing AI technologies.
The historic UN Security Council meeting marks a significant step toward global discussions and collaboration on addressing the risks and responsible use of AI. The dialogue among member states sets the stage for developing guidelines and frameworks that promote the ethical and secure deployment of AI technology worldwide.